Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: David Halabisky Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Entrepreneurial Activities in Europe - Youth Entrepreneurship Abstract: Youth unemployment is one of the principal social and economic challenges of this decade in Europe and around the world. Long spells of unemployment can have serious long-term effects for individuals, such as reduced earnings and social exclusion. It is estimated that one year of unemployment during youth can reduce annual earnings at age 42 by up to 21 % (Gregg and Tominey, 2005) and that an extra three months of unemployment prior to the age of 23 results in an extra two months of unemployment, on average, between the ages of 28 and 33 (Gregg, 2001). Prolonged unemployment magnifies these problems and increases the chances that they are passed on to their children. In addition to these pronounced individual costs, the unemployed represent a significant stock of unused economic resources that lowers output and the potential for economic growth. Creation-Date: 2012-06-01 Number: 1 Handle: RePEc:oec:cfeaac:1-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: David Halabisky Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Entrepreneurial Activities in Europe - Senior Entrepreneurship Abstract: The population and labour force in the European Union are ageing. The proportion of the population in the EU-27 who are aged 55 and over rose from 25 % in 1990 to 30 % in 2010, and is estimated to reach 37 % by 2030 (Eurostat, 2012). Consequently, the workforce is also getting older – the proportion of the labour force between 55 and 69 years old increased 26.5 % between 1987 and 2010. Creation-Date: 2012-12-01 Number: 2 Handle: RePEc:oec:cfeaac:2-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Antonella Noya Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Emma Clarence Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Entrepreneurial Activities in Europe - Social Entrepreneurship Abstract: Social enterprises have gained importance in the policy debate in many European and non-European countries, as also demonstrated by the European Commission’s recent “Social Business Initiative”. This marks an important milestone for European policy makers and other stakeholders involved in promoting national and sub-national eco-systems for socially oriented business. Putting in place an enabling environment for social enterprises is critical if they are to fulfil their potential in contributing not only to the creation of jobs, but also to addressing wider social and economic needs, and to promoting more cohesive and inclusive societies. Creation-Date: 2013-05-01 Number: 3 Handle: RePEc:oec:cfeaac:3-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Stuart Thompson Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Entrepreneurial Activities in Europe - Evaluation of Inclusive Entrepreneurship Programmes Abstract: Inclusive entrepreneurship policies are intended to give everybody the opportunity to start up in business or self-employment regardless of their social background and to improve labour market outcomes for people who are under-represented or disadvantaged in entrepreneurship and self-employment. This may occur directly, through increasing the number and quality of businesses and self-employment start-up activities, or indirectly, by providing an improved pathway to employment for people who do not eventually start-up or remain in business or self-employment. They work by targeting specific populations such as youth, seniors, women, the disabled, ex-offenders, ethnic minorities, and the unemployed with tailored interventions or improved accessibility to mainstream actions in areas such as access to start-up financing; training, mentoring and consultancy; entrepreneurship education and awareness raising; network building; or improvements to social security and business regulation systems. Creation-Date: 2013-12-01 Number: 4 Handle: RePEc:oec:cfeaac:4-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Marco Marchese Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Entrepreneurial Activities in Europe - Finance for Inclusive Entrepreneurship Abstract: More than one-third of the European Union’s adult population would rather be self-employed than an employee if given the chance to choose, according to the 2012 Flash Eurobarometer survey. At the same time, there is a large entrepreneurial potential in social groups that are either disadvantaged in the labour market (e.g. youth, migrants, and the low-skilled) or underrepresented in the entrepreneurial population (e.g. women and seniors). Inclusive entrepreneurship policies aim to give the opportunity for people from these groups to start-up in business and self-employment both for economic reasons and to support the goal of social inclusion. Creation-Date: 2014-04-01 Number: 5 Handle: RePEc:oec:cfeaac:5-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: David Halabisky Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Entrepreneurial Activities in Europe - Entrepreneurship for People with Disabilities Abstract: Disability impacts a large number of people – approximately 16 % of the working age population in the EU is afflicted with a long-standing health problem or disability (European Commission, 2007). And this number will grow as the population ages in industrialised countries due to the associated increased susceptibility to mental and physical disorders (Lutz et al., 2011; Pascarelli et al., 2001). Disabilities are extremely diverse and are not a fixed characteristic of individuals. Many disabilities are invisible to the eye yet popular stereotypes of disabled people as permanent wheelchair users or as blind from birth persist. Creation-Date: 2014-09-01 Number: 6 Handle: RePEc:oec:cfeaac:6-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: David Halabisky Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Entrepreneurial Activities in Europe - Expanding Networks for Inclusive Entrepreneurship Abstract: This Policy Brief explains what entrepreneurial networks are, and how disadvantaged or under-represented groups can join them. Online networks in particular offer the added advantage of removing physical distances. The document also shows that by linking target groups with the business community, and helping the networks set up and widen their scope, the policy can provide real support. Creation-Date: 2015-03-01 Number: 7 Handle: RePEc:oec:cfeaac:7-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Marco Marchese Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Entrepreneurial Activities in Europe - Informal Entrepreneurship Abstract: This policy brief was produced by the OECD and the European Commission. This policy brief focuses on the informal self-employed and informal entrepreneurs, which together comprise what we define as “informal entrepreneurship”. The policy brief provides estimates of the size of the informal economy and informal entrepreneurship in the EU, investigates its main causes and impacts on the economy, and finally presents a policy framework for formalisation strategies based on the distinction between deterrence, incentives and persuasion measures. Creation-Date: 2015-07-01 Number: 8 Handle: RePEc:oec:cfeaac:8-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: David Halabisky Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Entrepreneurial Activities in Europe - Sustaining Inclusive Entrepreneurship Abstract: This policy brief was produced by the OECD and the European Commission on sustaining entrepreneurship activities by entrepreneurs in under-represented and disadvantaged groups. It provides evidence on business survival for entrepreneurs from groups that are under-represented or disadvantaged in the labour market and discusses the obstacles that reduce the chances of survival for these businesses. Policy makers can take action to increase the chances of survival for these businesses, including providing training to boost business management skills, providing coaching and mentoring, facilitating access to finance and provide business development services. Creation-Date: 2015-04-01 Number: 9 Handle: RePEc:oec:cfeaac:9-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Antonella Noya Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Social Entrepreneurship - Social Impact Measurement for Social Enterprises Abstract: This policy paper on social impact measurement for social enterprises was produced by the OECD and the European Commission. It presents the issues and ongoing debates surrounding social impact measurement and provides concrete examples of measurement methods. It highlights the concept of proportional measurement, in other words balancing up the costs and benefits of the measuring process. The policy brief also looks at guidance and resources for use by social enterprises and how to create a more widespread culture of measurement among stakeholders despite their often limited human and financial resources. Creation-Date: 2015-07-01 Number: 10 Handle: RePEc:oec:cfeaac:10-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nicola Duell Title: Local economic strategies for ageing labour markets: Management practices for productivity gains of older workers Abstract: This paper analyses the efficacy of firm-level management practices in incorporating and retaining older workers. The paper notes that there are significant barriers to the integration of older workers into firms, and then outlines specific tools that could be used to enable older workers to contribute to enterprises. The OECD LEED Programme analysed age management practices in workplaces and found that a multi-faceted approach that targets multiple dimensions of the working experience of older workers should be pursued. Preserving flexibility, job training opportunities and mobility for older workers to a similar degree as the broader workforce is also encouraged. Creation-Date: 2015-12-23 Number: 11 Handle: RePEc:oec:cfeaac:11-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Jonathan Barr Author-Name: Angela Attrey Title: Building local responsiveness in employment and skills systems in Southeast Asia: Lessons from Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam Abstract: Southeast Asia has experienced unprecedented growth and development as a result of market-led and export-driven policies over the last thirty years. This has had pulled millions out of poverty and drastically improved living standards over the course of a single generation. As industry becomes more diversified, job requirements demand more complex and sophisticated skills. Strong vocational education programmes at the local level can play a significant role in helping national economies to adjust to changes in the labour market, advances in technology and challenges associated with globalisation.This report on Building local responsiveness in employment and skills systems in Southeast Asia presents learnings from local case studies in Thailand, Viet Nam, Malaysia and the Philippines in an effort to showcase successful examples of partnerships between employers and the vocational education system. It draws from local experiences to provide policy makers with practical advice for the implementation of vocational education programmes. Creation-Date: 2017-07-31 Number: 12 Handle: RePEc:oec:cfeaac:12-EN