Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: OECD Title: Towards Better Measurement of Government Abstract: This Working Paper compiles a set of recent comparable OECD data on revenues, inputs, and public sector processes and proposes a way forward in data collection. It is the first of three annual Working Papers as the Public Governance and Territorial Development (GOV) Directorate of the OECD builds up to the first publication of a major biennial publication, “Government at a Glance”, in late 2009. It is accompanied by a volume entitled “Measuring Government Activities” (OECD, forthcoming) that sets out the proposed approach and that poses technical alternatives for expert review and comment. The first part of this volume provides a comprehensive exposition of the proposed data classification and analysis. Creation-Date: 2007-02-01 Number: 1 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:1-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Jonathan Kings Author-Name: Edouard Turkisch Author-Name: Nick Manning Title: Public Sector Pensions and the Challenge of an Ageing Public Service Abstract: The consequences of an ageing workforce are magnified in the public sector because it generally has an older demographic profile than the private sector (OECD, 2006). The challenge of attracting and retaining capacity within the public service as large numbers of experienced public servants retire is set to be a growing concern in many OECD countries. This report looks at the degree to which pension reform may be assisting in meeting this challenge.... Creation-Date: 2007-02-01 Number: 2 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:2-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Knut Rexed Author-Workplace-Name: Rexed & Spörndly Author-Name: Chris Moll Author-Workplace-Name: Academy for Legislation Author-Name: Nick Manning Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Jennifer Allain Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Governance of Decentralised Pay Setting in Selected OECD Countries Abstract: The need for more differentiated pay setting in the public sector is probably the most important driver behind decentralisation. Both the labour market and the public activities have become less homogeneous, and public administrations need – just like any other employer – to develop pay-setting arrangements that are sufficiently flexible to enable an adaptation of pay systems and pay structures. Creation-Date: 2007-04-01 Number: 3 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:3-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Stephane Jacobzone Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Chang-wong Choi Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Claire Miguet Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Indicators of Regulatory Management Systems Abstract: This report presents detailed results on the quality of regulatory management systems, following the survey conducted in 2005-6. The goal of this report is to compare regulatory quality assurance systems; to measure progress and understand trends over time across countries, and to identify general patterns of regulatory management practice. Following initial discussions over the survey instrument in 2005, they survey was circulated in June 2005 and the results, corresponding to 2005, were then collected with final submissions received in Spring 2006. This paper has been revised following comments received from delegates in the Autumn 2006 and Spring 2007. The current set of results also links to previous regulatory governance indicators collected by the OECD in 1998 and 2000. Some of the early phase issues in terms of checks and a correction of the understanding of the concepts led to a revision of previous 1998 estimates. Therefore, this report is based on the corrected results for 1998 and 2000 received from the countries that had been surveyed then. These results also feed into the OECD Project on “Management in Government” (OECD (2007), “Towards Better Measurement of government”, OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, 2007/2, OECD Publishing. Doi:110.1787/301575636734). This paper restricts itself to a descriptive presentation of the materials collected. Further methodological work will be undertaken as this project evolves to conduct more technical statistical analysis and build aggregated indicators. This work benefited from insights and comments from OECD colleagues. The authors are particularly grateful to Rolf Alter, Josef Konvitz, Glen Hepburn and Nick Manning for their comments, as well as to Peter Ladegaard who participated in some of the initial work. The authors are also indebted to Sander Wagner for statistical assistance. Creation-Date: 2007-09-01 Number: 4 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:4-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Anne Ketelaar Author-Workplace-Name: DAI Europe Author-Name: Nick Manning Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Edouard Turkisch Title: Performance-based Arrangements for Senior Civil Servants OECD and other Country Experiences Abstract: How are performance-based arrangements at the individual level related to performance management arrangements at higher levels such as the agency or programme level? The report aims to provide practical lessons and insights into performance-based arrangements for senior civil servants, derived from country and practitioner experiences, into how to place senior staff within what might constitute an integrated performance regime. It is meant to be applicable to countries starting to work with such arrangements, as well as to countries wanting to improve their existing systems. Creation-Date: 2007-07-01 Number: 5 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:5-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Matheson Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Boris Weber Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Nick Manning Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Emmanuelle Arnould Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Study on the Political Involvement in Senior Staffing and on the Delineation of Responsibilities Between Ministers and Senior Civil Servants Abstract: Political involvement in administration is essential for the proper functioning of a democracy. Without this an incoming political administration would find itself unable to change policy direction. However public services need protection against being misused for partisan purposes, they need technical capacity which survives changes of government, and they need protection against being used to impair the capacity of future governments to govern. Creation-Date: 2007-07-01 Number: 6 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:6-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Zsuzsanna Lonti Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Matt Woods Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Towards Government at a Glance: Identification of Core Data and Issues related to Public Sector Efficiency Abstract: This is the second in a series of three annual papers that the OECD is publishing in preparation for its major biennial publication, Government at a Glance. This paper focuses on two main themes: (1) the identification of core data for Government at a Glance, and (2) the publication of existing data that help assess the efficiency of government. It recommends that the main focus of the future publication should be on public administration. Core data to be included in “Government at a Glance” entails indicators on government revenue and expenditure structures; employment and compensation in the public domain; executive governance outcomes; and institutional arrangements such as budget procedures, HRM practices, performance management, and e government, including the quality aspects of them, called machinery of public administration outputs and outcomes (i.e. intermediate outputs and outcomes). Information on the structure of government is also suggested for inclusion since this is an antecedent to and/or constraint on government action Creation-Date: 2008-01-01 Number: 7 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:7-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Elsa Pilichowski Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Edouard Turkisch Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Employment in Government in the Perspective of the Production Costs of Goods and Services in the Public Domain Abstract: One of the activities of the Public Governance Committee is the development of comparable data and indicators of good government and efficient public services. An ongoing element is the development of a new methodology to gather comparable data on public employment. Achieving a consistent and acceptable classification of the data first required establishing a terminology and a new definition of what has been called the "public domain". Thus the scope of the project broadened to include a comparison of employment data in government to the costs of production of services of the public domain (Comparison of Employment in the Public Domain, CEPD). The new classification is now consistent with the system of national accounts (SNA). Creation-Date: 2008-02-01 Number: 8 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:8-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Stephane Jacobzone Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Gregory Bounds Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Chang-won Choi Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Claire Miguet Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Regulatory Management Systems Across OECD Countries: Indicators of Recent Achievements and Challenges Abstract: This Working Paper is structured in two sections. The first section presents the contributions and limits of composite indicators of regulatory management systems. The second section provides an overview of regulatory management systems, including regulatory policies, institutions, processes and tools. This report assesses regulatory policies in member countries as well as their regulatory management systems using the 1998 and 2005 indicators. The results complement the results presented in Working Paper N°4, “Indicators of Regulatory Management Systems” and also contributed to the OECD project on Government at a Glance (see www.oecd.org/gov/indicators/govataglance). Creation-Date: 2007-01-01 Number: 9 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:9-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Donato de Rosa Author-Name: Nick Malyshev Title: Regulatory Institutions: A Blueprint for the Russian Federation Abstract: The paper develops an architecture for regulatory institutions that could be feasible in the current Russian context. The paper examines two specific areas: first, establishing a regulatory oversight unit, located at the centre of government, responsible for the strategic co-ordination of regulatory reforms and oversight of regulatory quality; and second, redefining the mandates and strengthening the capacities of the competition authority and regulators of network industries. The paper draws on OECD experience and provides a number of lessons which could direct Russia’s future efforts in regulatory reform onto a track more similar to the one observed across the OECD. Creation-Date: 2008-05-01 Number: 10 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:10-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Oscar Huerta Melchor Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Managing Change in OECD Governments: An Introductory Framework Abstract: This paper argues that reform and change are generally used as interchangeable concepts but that is not always appropriate as reforms do not always produce change and changes are not always the product of reform efforts. This study draws on the notion of receptivity to explain the practice of managing change in six OECD countries: Finland, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland. Over the last few years, these six OECD countries have adopted major reform initiatives to modernise the management of their public service to meet society’s growing expectations in a context of limited financial resources and political pressure. Receptivity is an underdeveloped concept that intends to reveal the factors that contribute to organizations being either low-change, non-change contexts or high-change, receptive contexts. Managing change, it is argued, is an independent variable to explain change in government as it largely determines policy success. Four interconnected factors of analysis are used to explain managing change in government: ideological vision, leading change, institutional politics, and implementation capacity. Creation-Date: 2008-12-01 Number: 12 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:12-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Delia Rodrigo Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Lorenzo Allio Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Pedro Andres-Amo Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Multi-Level Regulatory Governance: Policies, Institutions and Tools for Regulatory Quality and Policy Coherence Abstract: Multi-level regulatory governance is becoming a priority in many OECD countries. High quality regulation at a certain level of government can be compromised by poor regulatory policies and practices at other levels, impacting negatively on the performance of economies and on business and citizens’ activities. The most common problems that affect the relationship between the public and the private sectors are duplication, overlapping responsibility and low quality. These affect public service delivery, citizen’s perception, business services and activities, as well as investment and trade. More positively, following certain principles and good practices for high quality regulation in a coherent way as well as facilitating co-ordination among regulatory institutions at different levels of government can bring improvements to the regulatory system as a whole. Creation-Date: 2009-06-01 Number: 13 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:13-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Claire Charbit Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Maria Varinia Michalun Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Mind the Gaps: Managing Mutual Dependence in Relations among Levels of Government Abstract: OECD member and non-member governments are actively looking for ways to facilitate and improve the relationships among levels of government. These relationships lie between the central and sub-national levels, as well as among peer levels (i.e., among ministries, across regions, between municipalities). They can also be seen in individual public management disciplines, such as fiscal relations, human resource management (HRM), regulatory management and e-government. This report arises from a request by the OECD's Public Governance Committee to look more closely at ways to build more effective relations among levels of government. Creation-Date: 2009-10-05 Number: 14 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:14-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Julia Black Author-Workplace-Name: London School of Economics Author-Name: Stephane Jacobzone Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Tools for Regulatory Quality and Financial Sector Regulation: A Cross-Country Perspective Abstract: This report provides a comparative perspective on the application of quality regulation principles to financial sector regulators, in the US, Canada, Australia, the UK and France. The report compares key provisions of the codes of the Basle Committee and IOSCO, with the OECD's 2005 Guiding Principles for Regulatory Quality and Performance, and the 2009 Policy Framework for Effective and Efficient Financial Regulation (PFEEFR). The report analyses the independence and accountability of the regulators, as well as their powers. The analysis focuses on requirements for ex ante and ex post regulatory impact analyses, including burden reduction; for transparency and communication of decision making, as well as co-ordination and regulatory review; for improving the regulatory system over time and for regulating conflicts of interest. The report finds variation in the formal arrangements, and respective practices. It also finds that the requirements related to better regulation principles are often implemented too late in the decision-making process when regulations are set at the international level. Classification-JEL: G2; K2 Keywords: better regulation, consultation, financial regulation, oversight, regulation, regulatory reforms, supervision, transparency Creation-Date: 2009-12-17 Number: 16 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:16-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Stephane Jacobzone Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Faye Steiner Author-Workplace-Name: Stanford University Author-Name: Erika Lopez Ponton Author-Workplace-Name: University of Paris I Author-Name: Emmanuel Job Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Assessing the Impact of Regulatory Management Systems: Preliminary Statistical and Econometric Estimates Abstract: This Working Paper presents preliminary analytical estimates using the 1998 and 2005 surveys of indicators of systems for the management of regulatory quality. Two broad dimensions are found in regulatory management systems using Factor Analysis, and Principal Component Analysis. The first reflects an integrated approach to ex ante assessment, with the use of tools such as formal consultation and regulatory impact analysis as well as institutions for regulatory oversight, training and capacity building. The second focuses on the stock of regulation, with administrative simplification, streamlining licences and permits, etc. These data are correlated with other available datasets on regulatory frameworks, including the OECD indicators of Product Market Regulations, subsets of the Doing business and Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) from the World Bank and the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) from the World Economic Forum. Finally, the report presents some preliminary regressions with reduced forms, including fixed and random effects, linking the indicators to macroeconomic indicators. The findings tend to support the view that improvements in regulatory management system quality yield significant economic benefits. Creation-Date: 2010-05-17 Number: 17 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:17-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Jacobo Pastor García Villarreal Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Successful Practices and Policies to Promote Regulatory Reform and Entrepreneurship at the Sub-national Level Abstract: This report is part of the OECD-Mexico initiative “Strengthening of Economic Competition and Regulatory Improvement for Competitiveness”. It summarises the findings of several case studies on best practices to promote regulatory reform and entrepreneurship at the sub-national level. It has benefited from the participation of three Mexican states (Baja California, Jalisco, and Puebla), as well as of three provinces from other countries, British Columbia (Canada), Catalonia (Spain), and Piemonte (Italy). By including both, Mexican and international experiences, this report derives practical lessons for sub-national governments to improve their regulatory quality and create dynamic business environments. Creation-Date: 2010-04-01 Number: 18 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:18-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Cesar Cordova-Novion Author-Workplace-Name: Jacobs and Associates Author-Name: Stephane Jacobzone Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Strengthening the Institutional Setting for Regulatory Reform: The Experience from OECD Countries Abstract: This Working Paper analyses the institutional setting for regulatory reform. It is the first comprehensive analysis of regulatory oversight bodies. The analysis adopts a functional approach through four core functions: i) oversight of the rule-making process; ii) assisting rule makers in their evidence-based analysis; iii) challenging the quality of regulatory proposals; iv) advocating for quality/better regulation. The report analyses the key factors contributing to success, as well as elements for the credibility of regulatory oversight. The report also finds that regulatory quality oversight represents a tool for policy coherence for countries and needs to be articulated with other core policies, such as microeconomic and competition-oriented reforms, as well as overall reforms of the public administration. Forging of a political constituency requires active communications, political buy-in and support from a champion, and an external constituency of interested parties to support advocacy. The report concludes with a possible checklist for policy makers interested in consolidating regulatory oversight in their respective national settings. Creation-Date: 2011-02-01 Number: 19 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:19-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Dirk-Jan Kraan Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Alessandro Lupi Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Emmanuel Job Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Manual: Public Finance and Employment Database Abstract: The Budgeting and Public Expenditures Division of the Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate of the OECD has developed a database of public expenditures according to spending purpose. The classification used resembles closely the international COFOG classification and is therefore called “COFOG-Special”. The database includes general government and all sub-sectors (central government, states, local government, and social security). In addition, a new approach has been developed for the estimation of employment in the public domain, as part of the work programme of the Public Employment and Management Working Party of the Public Governance Committee. The new approach is consistent with the National Accounts. In 2007, the expenditure database and the employment database were merged, and extended with revenues data. The COFOG-Special classification was maintained. The merged database was renamed the Public Finance and Employment Database (PFED) and is intended as a research tool for future OECD work and for use by the worldwide research community. This manual describes the contents of the PFED, explains the COFOG-Special classification, and contains an exhaustive treatment of the methodology. Creation-Date: 2012-05-01 Number: 20 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:20-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Oscar Huerta Melchor Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: The Government Workforce of the Future: Innovation in Strategic Workforce Planning in OECD Countries Abstract: Strategic workforce planning is gradually becoming a key priority and core management practice for public sector employees in OECD countries. In times of limited resources, governments are required to demonstrate workforce planning capability to meet current and future challenges for service delivery and to produce efficiency gains. Since experience in workforce planning remains limited, a simple but pragmatic approach that takes into account the national context is recommended. To send consistent messages about financial and human capital resources required to achieve government‘s programmatic goals, workforce planning should be aligned with the budget process. Its success depends on the cooperation between the finance authority, the central Human Resource Management (HRM) body, and line managers in individual ministries and agencies. The implementation of workforce planning continues to present difficulties for practitioners. Therefore, management flexibility, incentives to engage managers, developing workforce planning capability, and revisions to the HRM process are critical to pave the way for a successful implementation. Monitoring and evaluating progress of the workforce plan and its contribution to the programmatic goals should be conducted systematically. Creation-Date: 2013-04-03 Number: 21 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:21-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Barbara Ubaldi Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Open Government Data: Towards Empirical Analysis of Open Government Data Initiatives Abstract: Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives, and in particular the development of OGD portals, have proliferated since the mid-2000s both at central and local government levels in OECD and non OECD countries. Understanding the preconditions that enable the efficient and effective implementation of these initiatives is essential for achieving their overall objectives. This is especially true in terms of the role played by OGD in relation to Open Government policies in general. This paper highlights the main principles, concepts and criteria framing open government data initiatives and the issues challenging their implementation. It underlines the opportunities that OGD and data analytics may offer policy makers, while providing a note of caution on the challenges this agenda poses for the public sector. Finally, the overall analysis of key concepts and issues aims to pave the way for an empirical analysis of OGD initiatives. So far, little has been done to analyse and prove the impact and accrued value of these initiatives. The paper suggests a methodology comprising an analytical framework for OGD initiatives (to be applied to ex post and ex ante analysis of initiatives) and a related set of data to be collected across OECD countries. The application of the analytical framework and the collection of data would enable the acquisition of a solid body of evidence that could ultimately lead to mapping initiatives across OECD countries (i.e. a typography of initiatives) and developing a common set of metrics to consistently assess impact and value creation within and across countries. Creation-Date: 2013-05-27 Number: 22 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:22-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Charles Baubion Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: OECD Risk Management: Strategic Crisis Management Abstract: Governments are confronted with crises that may spread beyond national borders and trigger significant economic knock-on effects. Managing crises is a key responsibility for governments, which have a crucial role to play to strengthen the resilience of their population, communities and critical infrastructure networks. The paper highlights the changing landscape of crises with which governments are confronted today, discussing new approaches to deal with both traditional and novel crises. The paper invites a reflection on how best governments can adapt to change while still maintaining capabilities to deal with more classic crises. It concludes with identifying five cross-cutting issues in crisis management where government should pay attention when framing their policies and practices: an overall crisis governance framework, the role of science and expertise, leadership issues, the governance of response networks, and international cooperation. International exchange of experiences among governments and the development of shared best practices are core objectives for the OECD High Level Risk Forum under which the paper was prepared. Creation-Date: 2013-08-29 Number: 23 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:23-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Cécile Wendling Author-Workplace-Name: Futuribles Author-Name: Jack Radisch Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Stephane Jacobzone Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: The Use of Social Media in Risk and Crisis Communication Abstract: This report highlights the changing landscape of risk and crisis communications and in particular how social media can be a beneficial tool, but also create challenges for crisis managers. It explores different practices of risk and crisis communications experts related to the use of social media and propose a framework for monitoring the development of practices among countries in the use of social media for risk and crisis communications. The three step process spans passive to dynamic use of social media, and provides governments a self-assessment tool to enable cross country comparison to monitor and track progress in the uptake of effective use of social media by emergency services or crisis managers. Creation-Date: 2013-12-17 Number: 24 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:24-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: John F. Helliwell Author-Workplace-Name: Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Author-Name: Haifang Huang Author-Workplace-Name: University of Alberta Author-Name: Shawn Grover Author-Workplace-Name: Vancouver School of Economics Author-Name: Shun Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Korea Development Institute Title: Good Governance and National Well-being: What Are the Linkages? Abstract: The paper was prepared by John F. Helliwell, Haifang Huang, Shawn Grover and Shun Wang in collaboration with Mario Marcel, Martin Forst and Tatyana Teplova. This paper has three main objectives. The first is to review existing studies of the links between good governance and subjective well-being. The second is to bring together the largest available sets of nationallevel measures of the quality of governance, and to assess the extent to which they contribute to explaining the levels and changes in life evaluations in 157 countries over the years 2005-2012, using data from the Gallup World Poll already analysed in some detail in the World Happiness Report 2013. The third objective is to use subjective well-being research to suggest ways in which governance can be changed so as to improve lives in all countries, as measured by peoples’ own evaluations. The paper starts with a summary of the evidence and policy implications. There follow the four main sections of the paper, a statistical appendix containing a broad range of data and results, and an extensive annotated bibliography of empirical literature linking good governance and subjective well-being. Creation-Date: 2014-10-24 Number: 25 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:25-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Arthur Mickoleit Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Social Media Use by Governments: A Policy Primer to Discuss Trends, Identify Policy Opportunities and Guide Decision Makers Abstract: This working paper takes a comparative snapshot of social media use in and by OECD governments. The focus is on government institutions, as opposed to personalities, and how they manage to capture the opportunities of new social media platforms to deliver better public services and to create more open policy processes. The analysis is based on a large amount of empirical data, including a survey of OECD governments on policies and objectives in this area. Major challenges are discussed, notably those related to the uncertainty of institutions on how to best leverage social media beyond “corporate” communications. The paper proposes tools to guide decision makers: a checklist of issues to be considered by government institutions, a set of potential indicators to appraise impacts, and a range of options for more in-depth policy analysis. Creation-Date: 2014-12-22 Number: 26 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:26-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Catherine Gamper Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Benedikt Signer Author-Workplace-Name: The World Bank Author-Name: Luis Alton Author-Workplace-Name: The World Bank Author-Name: Murray Petrie Title: Managing disaster-related contingent liabilities in public finance frameworks Abstract: Natural disasters have caused, and continue to cause, a significant amount of economic costs. The costs of disasters are often, and to a large extent, shouldered by governments, especially in economies where private insurance markets are not well developed. Governments are asked to provide financing for explicit commitments made prior to a disaster, and are often under pressure to make payments for which no such commitments were made earlier. Ex-post costs to governments take the form of contingent liabilities within national budgeting and government balance sheet frameworks. Disasters can thereby cause both downside risks to government revenue as well as to expenditure. There is little evidence, and hence limited policy advice, on how disaster-related contingent liabilities are managed by governments. This paper sets out to clarify the concept of contingent liabilities and the channels through which they can impact government balance sheets, including fiscal risks. It provides a framework for identifying and quantifying disaster-related contingent liabilities with a view to inform country case studies for comparative policy analysis. Classification-JEL: H12; H3; H54; H63; H68; H7; H81; H84 Keywords: contingent liabilities, disaster risk financing, Disasters, government disaster assistance Creation-Date: 2017-06-07 Number: 27 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:27-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Jamie Berryhill Author-Name: Théo Bourgery Author-Name: Angela Hanson Title: Blockchains Unchained: Blockchain Technology and its Use in the Public Sector Abstract: Blockchain technology has evolved from a niche subject to the hottest tech disruption buzzword, but there is still a lot of confusion about the subject. Without a clear understanding about what Blockchains are, their potential public sector potential impact is sometimes misunderstood or, more often, ignored. Questions related to their technical complexity, risk, security, and appropriateness often serve as obstacles to government officials’ ability to truly engage with this emerging technology. In light of this, the Observatory of Public Sector Innovation (OPSI) in collaboration with the Working Party of Senior Digital Government Officials (E-Leaders) has developed a guide on Blockchains and how they may (and may not) apply to government. OPSI is part of the OECD Directorate for Public Governance (GOV). Creation-Date: 2018-06-19 Number: 28 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:28-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Katharina Zuegel Author-Name: Emma Cantera Author-Name: Alessandro Bellantoni Title: The role of Ombudsman Institutions in Open Government Abstract: Ombudsman institutions (OIs) act as the guardians of citizens’ rights and as a mediator between citizens and the public administration. While the very existence of such institutions is rooted in the notion of open government, the role they can play in promoting openness throughout the public administration has not been adequately recognized or exploited. Based on a survey of 94 OIs, this report examines the role they play in open government policies and practices. It also provides recommendations on how, given their privileged contact with both people and governments, OIs can better promote transparency, integrity, accountability, and stakeholder participation; how their role in national open government strategies and initiatives can be strengthened; and how they can be at the heart of a truly open state. Classification-JEL: H4; H7; H83; K38 Keywords: access to information, accountability, ombudsman, open government, open state, participation Creation-Date: 2018-12-07 Number: 29 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:29-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Guillaume Lafortune Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Barbara Ubaldi Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: OECD 2017 OURdata Index: Methodology and results Abstract: This paper presents the methodological process and results of the OECD 2017 Open-Useful-Reusable Government data Index (OURdata Index). It is meant to present the methodology and outline the data collection and verification process; discuss key findings of the composite indicators including overall country scores and scores by pillars and sub-pillars; and show the outcomes of different statistical tests to assess the robustness of the results, including tests to evaluate the sensitivity of the indicators to various weighting schemes. The paper highlights the relevance of the Index to support the design and monitoring of open government data policies and practices leading to socio-economic outcomes and to the improved performance and efficiency of public sector organisations. Classification-JEL: H11; H4; H83; O3; O30; O31; O32; O33; O34; O35; O38; O39 Creation-Date: 2018-12-11 Number: 30 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:30-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Barbara Ubaldi Author-Name: Enzo Maria Le Fevre Author-Name: Elisa Petrucci Author-Name: Pietro Marchionni Author-Name: Claudio Biancalana Author-Name: Nanni Hiltunen Author-Name: Daniela Maria Intravaia Author-Name: Chan Yang Title: State of the art in the use of emerging technologies in the public sector Abstract: This Working Paper is intended to highlight the main opportunities and challenges for the use of emerging technologies (ET), and in particular emerging digital technologies, in the public sector. Based on the first results of the analysis of evidence collected in 20 countries, the paper offers a few insights on the state of the art on the strategies and practical examples on how governments are attempting to integrate ET in the public sector. Creation-Date: 2019-09-20 Number: 31 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:31-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin Welby Title: The impact of digital government on citizen well-being Abstract: Informed by the OECD’s well-being framework, this Working Paper considers how the experience of civic engagement and governance is being transformed and explores how governments can harness the potential of digital technologies and data to develop better outcomes for better lives. The paper proposes that in order to maximise the relationship between digital government activity and citizen well-being, government focus should be on benefits that are not only material in terms of the quality of services, but that reflect the intellectual and emotional benefits derived from a different approach to government interactions with its constituents. The paper suggests that the relationship between digital government and citizen well-being is best encapsulated by the outcomes which follow from a government that is responsive, protective and trustworthy. Creation-Date: 2019-05-15 Number: 32 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:32-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Charlotte van Ooijen Author-Name: Barbara Ubaldi Author-Name: Benjamin Welby Title: A data-driven public sector: Enabling the strategic use of data for productive, inclusive and trustworthy governance Abstract: Over the last decade the Open Government Data movement has successfully highlighted the value of data and encouraged governments to open up information for reuse both inside, and outside the public sector. This Working Paper argues that governments now need to go further and put the role and value of data at the core of thinking about the digital transformation of government. A data-driven public sector (DDPS) recognises that data are an asset, integral to policy making, service delivery, organisational management and innovation. The strategic approach governments take to building a DDPS can have a positive impact on the results they deliver by promoting evidence-led policy making and data-backed service design as well as embedding good governance values of integrity, openness and fairness in the policy cycle. After framing the concept the paper presents the opportunities offered by embracing the DDPS approach and identifies some of the challenges that governments may face in establishing a DDPS before concluding with the discussion of the need for coherent strategic approaches that reflect the role of data across the entire public sector, not only from a policy point of view but from an operational and practical perspective. Creation-Date: 2019-05-17 Number: 33 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:33-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Natalia Nolan-Flecha Title: Next generation diversity and inclusion policies in the public service: Ensuring public services reflect the societies they serve Abstract: Embracing a policy and culture of diversity and inclusion (D&I) is increasingly considered the norm for public services across the OECD. A growing number of countries acknowledge how diversity has the potential to improve service delivery to citizens and boost performance through greater innovation and employee engagement. But, while some improvements have been made over time, progress has remained slow. In most public services, pay gaps for the same positions persist; the representation - particularly at senior levels of women, visible minorities and people with disabilities - remains markedly lower than in the general population; and in employee surveys, levels of perceived harassment and bullying remain higher than average for certain demographic groups. In many OECD member countries, a new generation of D&I policies is being developed to cultivate a culture of inclusion. The present Working Paper examines how public administrations are addressing this challenge, highlighting good practices in areas such as inclusive leadership models, the use of HR analytics and behavioural approaches to design and implement D&I policies. It also identifies governance mechanisms and tools for managers and organisations to help ensure coherence and accountability for D&I goals. The drive for diversity and inclusion will always be a moving target; public services will need to continually assess, adapt, and strive for public services that reflect the changing societies that they serve. Creation-Date: 2019-11-07 Number: 34 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:34-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Gamze Igrioglu Author-Name: Adam Ostry Author-Name: Miriam Allam Title: Integrated Governance for Coherent Implementation of the SDGs in Egypt Abstract: Egypt has embarked on an ambitious reform agenda to achieve key strategic objectives for the country’s growth and development by 2030. This working paper examines Egypt’s institutional and decision-making framework governing the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as vertical and horizontal coordination across silos for better strategy design and implementation; the use of evidence, including data and impact assessments, in making decisions; and public consultations and results-based budgeting for more open, transparent, accountable and participatory governance. It assesses monitoring, evaluation and feedback frameworks to ensure that policy choices and trade-offs reflect empirical evidence on what works, what does not, and why, in pursuing the SDGs. This paper provides concrete policy recommendations in support of Egypt’s ongoing efforts toward SDG implementation, based on proven OECD country practice. Classification-JEL: H83; H11; H4; H7; I3; K38 Creation-Date: 2020-07-09 Number: 35 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:35-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Jamie Berryhill Author-Name: Kévin Kok Heang Author-Name: Rob Clogher Author-Name: Keegan McBride Title: Hello, World: Artificial intelligence and its use in the public sector Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an area of research and technology application that can have a significant impact on public policies and services in many ways. In just a few years, it is expected that the potential will exist to free up nearly one-third of public servants’ time, allowing them to shift from mundane tasks to high-value work. Governments can also use AI to design better policies and make better decisions, improve communication and engagement with citizens and residents, and improve the speed and quality of public services. While the potential benefits of AI are significant, attaining them is not an easy task. Government use of AI trails that of the private sector; the field is complex and has a steep learning curve; and the purpose of, and context within, government are unique and present a number of challenges. Creation-Date: 2019-11-21 Number: 36 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:36-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: OECD Title: The public sector innovation lifecycle: A device to assist teams and organisations in developing a more sophisticated approach to public sector innovation Abstract: This working paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of the public sector innovation process at an organisational or team level, and suggests areas for consideration for public sector organisations developing their innovation capabilities. It explores why a more sophisticated approach to public sector innovation is required and explains how an explicit innovation process (the innovation lifecycle) can support such an approach. The paper argues that organisations need to take a multifaceted portfolio approach, combined with a more deliberate recognition of other actors in their ecosystem. It finishes by examining how the innovation lifecycle plays out in practice, and suggests criteria to guide organisations and teams in selecting tools and methods to support them along the different stages of the innovation lifecycle. Creation-Date: 2020-05-01 Number: 37 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:37-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Santiago González Title: Testing the evidence, how good are public sector responsiveness measures and how to improve them? Abstract: This paper analyses two common uses of the responsiveness concept in the public management and political science literature: external political efficacy and satisfaction with health and education services. The decline of people sense of influence in public affairs and perceptions about the quality of public services are two key concerns affecting policymaking. The fact that responsiveness measures are increasingly being collected in non-official and official household surveys and the range of covariates available make it possible to test their statistical accuracy. Accuracy encompasses both reliability (i.e. if the measure produces consistent information over time) and validity (i.e. if the measure reflects the underlying concept being measured). This paper finds good evidence on the accuracy of political efficacy measures. Although no sufficiently strong evidence on the accuracy of satisfaction with health metrics is stronger than for education services signaling the relevance of other aspects such as direct exposure to the service and its intensity, as well as the different attributes shaping satisfaction levels. Findings from this paper support some of the conclusions in the Responsiveness chapter of the UN Citi Praia Handbook on Governance Statistics. Classification-JEL: A13; C46; C83; H4; H11; H83; I1; I2; I38 Keywords: accuracy, government, household surveys, political efficacy, public governance indicators, public management, reliability, responsiveness, satisfaction with services, validity Creation-Date: 2020-05-12 Number: 38 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:38-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Craig Matasick Author-Name: Carlotta Alfonsi Author-Name: Alessandro Bellantoni Title: Governance responses to disinformation: How open government principles can inform policy options Abstract: This paper provides a holistic policy approach to the challenge of disinformation by exploring a range of governance responses that rest on the open government principles of transparency, integrity, accountability and stakeholder participation. It offers an analysis of the significant changes that are affecting media and information ecosystems, chief among them the growth of digital platforms. Drawing on the implications of this changing landscape, the paper focuses on four policy areas of intervention: public communication for a better dialogue between government and citizens; direct responses to identify and combat disinformation; legal and regulatory policy; and media and civic responses that support better information ecosystems. The paper concludes with proposed steps the OECD can take to build evidence and support policy in this space. Creation-Date: 2020-08-11 Number: 39 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:39-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Gerson Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Leadership for a high performing civil service: Towards senior civil service systems in OECD countries Abstract: Public service leaders – senior civil servants who lead and improve major government functions – are at the heart of government effectiveness. They translate political direction into the policies and programmes that keep citizens healthy, safe, and economically productive. In order to do so, however, they need to have both the right skills and institutional support to deploy them effectively. This paper summarises insights from a recently completed project that addressed this challenge. First, the paper identifies four leadership capabilities that are necessary to respond to complex policy challenges: values-based leadership, open inclusion, organisational stewardship, and networked collaboration. Second, the paper outlines a model for assessing senior civil service systems, i.e. the policies, processes and tools needed to develop these capabilities and support leaders in using them. The paper concludes with recommendations to help governments take a systematic approach to the development and management of their public service leaders. Classification-JEL: D73; M12; H83; L38 Creation-Date: 2020-09-23 Number: 40 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:40-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Barbara Ubaldi Author-Name: Tomoya Okubo Title: OECD Digital Government Index (DGI): Methodology and 2019 results Abstract: This Working Paper presents the process, methodology and results of the OECD 2019 Digital Government Index (DGI). It has three key objectives. First, the paper describes the design, the content and the methodology of the pilot OECD Survey on Digital Government 1.0 and outlines the data collection and verification process. Second, it presents the outcomes of different statistical tests to assess the robustness of the results, including tests to evaluate the sensitivity of the indicators to various weighting schemes. Third, the paper presents countries’ composite results and scores by each of the six dimensions comprised in the OECD Digital Government Policy Framework. Lastly, the paper outlines the key findings and messages based on these results. Creation-Date: 2020-10-14 Number: 41 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:41-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: James Mohun Author-Name: Alex Roberts Title: Cracking the code: Rulemaking for humans and machines Abstract: Rules as Code (RaC) is an exciting concept that rethinks one of the core functions of governments: rulemaking. It proposes that governments create an official version of rules (e.g. laws and regulations) in a machine-consumable form, which allows rules to be understood and actioned by computer systems in a consistent way. More than simply a technocratic solution, RaC represents a transformational shift in how governments create rules, and how third parties consume them. Across the world, public sector teams are exploring the concept and its potential as a response to an increasingly complex operating environment and growing pressures on incumbent rulemaking systems. Cracking the Code is intended to help those working both within and outside of government to understand the potential, limitations and implications of RaC, as well as how it could be applied in a public service context. Creation-Date: 2020-10-12 Number: 42 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:42-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Juho Lindman Author-Name: Jamie Berryhill Author-Name: Benjamin Welby Author-Name: Mariane Piccinin-Barbieri Title: The uncertain promise of blockchain for government Abstract: Blockchain remains a hot topic for digital transformation and innovation. In the private sector, blockchain has demonstrated disruptive potential through proven use cases. However, despite strong interest and greater awareness, blockchain has had minimal impact on the public sector, where few projects have moved beyond small pilots. At the same time, there is a growing scepticism and cynicism about public sector blockchain. This paper seeks to understand why this is, by analysing the latest research in the area and identifying and analysing government experiences with successful and unsuccessful projects. It provides early findings on beliefs, characteristics, and practices related to government blockchain projects and the organisations that seek to implement them, with a focus on factors contributing to success or non-success. Although blockchain has yet to affect government in the ways that early hype predicted, government decision makers will nonetheless need to understand and monitor this emerging technology.  Creation-Date: 2020-11-16 Number: 43 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:43-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Piret Tõnurist Author-Name: Angela Hanson Title: Anticipatory innovation governance: Shaping the future through proactive policy making Abstract: This working paper introduces the key concepts and features of anticipatory innovation governance– i.e. the structures and mechanisms to allow and promote anticipatory innovation alongside other types of innovation in the public sector. This paper draws on academic literature and OECD work on a range of areas including public sector innovation, foresight, anticipatory governance and emerging technologies. The paper starts outlining an emerging framework to guide policy making in complex and uncertain contexts and sets out some questions for further research in the area of anticipatory innovation governance. Keywords: anticipatory governance, anticipatory innovation governance, foresight, innovation, policy making Creation-Date: 2020-12-24 Number: 44 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:44-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: OECD Title: The OECD Framework for digital talent and skills in the public sector Abstract: The rapid pace of technological advance and associated potential for the use of data have not only changed the way people live but also the way people work. This digital disruption hits all sectors, including the public sector, and this working paper emphasises pathways for developing a public sector workforce with the necessary skills to achieve successful digital transformation. It presents the OECD Framework for Digital Talent and Skills in the Public Sector, which highlights the need to create the right working environment, secure the right skills, and evolve the right workforce to support a progression from e-government to digital government. Creation-Date: 2021-04-22 Number: 45 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:45-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mariana Prats Author-Name: Axel Meunier Title: Political efficacy and participation: An empirical analysis in European countries Abstract: The active participation of citizens is the lifeblood of any functioning democracy. But what drives people’s willingness to participate in political life? A key driver is their self-perception of their ability to understand political processes and to influence change through their action. These attitudes also determine people’s level of trust in government, making it a cornerstone of research and work on trust. In a context of increasing concerns regarding democratic legitimacy and decreasing levels of political participation, this paper aims to analyse empirically to what extent people’s attitudes towards their ability to influence and engage in political life – or their “political efficacy” - affect their political behaviour, including different forms of participation. A better understanding of political attitudes can help governments anticipate democratic deficits and develop strategies to improve political efficacy and promote participation. Keywords: civic participation, democracy, political participation, pubilc participation, trust Creation-Date: 2021-06-16 Number: 46 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:46-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: OECD Title: Civil service capacities in the SDG era: An assessment framework Abstract: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) pose challenges to public services in all countries regardless of their level of development. Their broad scope and interconnectedness, long-term commitment and contextualisation at both local and regional level require dedicated focus on government capacities to deliver. This paper analyses the major capacity areas that can support a shift from siloed policy making to more integrated approaches. It defines an ideal benchmark for assessing both the individual and organisational capacities needed by a public service to successfully deliver the SDGs. The paper, which was commissioned as part of a project to build civil service skills for SDG implementation in Poland, is drafted by Cristophe Dietrich and Marco Gozio of the ICON Institute. Creation-Date: 2021-11-22 Number: 47 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:47-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Monica Brezzi Author-Name: Santiago González Author-Name: David Nguyen Author-Name: Mariana Prats Title: An updated OECD framework on drivers of trust in public institutions to meet current and future challenges Abstract: Trust between citizens and their governments is crucial for the legitimacy and functioning of democracies. This paper discusses the main determinants of people’s trust in public institutions and their measurement, in times of crisis as well as for a long-term, strong, inclusive and green recovery. It presents evidence on the great variation in the levels and drivers of trust across public institutions, across levels of government within countries, and among population groups. It also identifies three main trust challenges for public governance that were heightened by the COVID-19 crisis: i) people’s views on the credibility and effectiveness of government action on intergenerational and often global challenges; ii) the changes in political participation and political attitudes; and iii) an increasing distrust of and disengagement from democratic processes. Building on previous OECD work, and taking into account lessons from other crises and handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, the paper introduces a revised and expanded version of the OECD Framework on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions. Furthermore, it discusses how this Framework is applied in the OECD Trust Survey. Both the Framework and the Survey aim to provide governments with actionable evidence to build and maintain people’s trust as the basis for successful planning and policy reforms, allowing democracies to be fitter, stronger and more resilient in the future. Classification-JEL: D02; H12; H11 Keywords: COVID-19, democracy, intergenerational challenges, measurement, public trust Creation-Date: 2021-12-21 Number: 48 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:48-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mariana Prats Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Jacobo Pastor García Villarreal Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Ensuring transparency and integrity in public decision making and electoral processes in the State of Mexico Abstract: This paper provides recommendations to foster integrity and transparency in decision making in the State of Mexico, by regulating access and promoting stakeholder engagement; and to enhance transparency and integrity in the funding of political parties and election campaigns. It addresses current challenges related to political finance such as cash contributions and clientelism, as well as the need to ensure adequate audit capacities and effective sanctions that advance accountability. Likewise, it analyses the state of play in terms of interactions between stakeholders, on the one hand, and public officials and legislators, on the other, providing recommendations to prevent policy capture, preserve integrity, and strengthen transparency. Classification-JEL: D02; D72; D73 Keywords: Policy capture, Political finance Creation-Date: 2022-01-13 Number: 49 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:49-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: OECD Title: Engaging citizens in cohesion policy: DG REGIO and OECD pilot project final report Abstract: Around one-third of the European Union’s budget is dedicated to cohesion policy, which promotes and supports the overall harmonious development of its Member States and regions. The success of this investment relies on effective partnerships among governments, stakeholders, and citizens. Citizens have a key role to play in shaping decisions on public investment, as well as in making public authorities more transparent and accountable. From July 2020-December 2021, the European Commission and the OECD partnered to explore how five authorities across Europe could place citizens at the centre of their investment decisions. This report summarises lessons learned throughout this project and, particularly, the results of applying innovative citizen participation methods to cohesion policy more broadly. Creation-Date: 2022-03-09 Number: 50 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:50-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Misha Kaur Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Heather Buisman Author-Name: Alex Bekker Author-Name: Chad McCulloch Title: Innovative capacity of governments: A systemic framework Abstract: Public sector innovation is about finding new and better ways to achieve positive public outcomes. The increased complexity of the challenges faced by governments has made enhancing the innovative capacity of governments and public sector systems an imperative. But for innovative approaches or solutions to create lasting impact, they must be embedded as part of existing systems. In the same way, a public sector’s capacity to innovate depends on whether innovation is embedded in the functions and mechanisms of government. To assist governments in achieving this this, the OECD Observatory of Public Sector Innovation (OPSI) developed the Innovative Capacity Framework. It focuses on the innovative capacity of existing public sector systems and their governing mechanisms, rules, processes, norms and other factors. The Framework includes guidelines for making innovation an integral part of policy making and administration and for improving the capacity of governments to quickly adapt to changing environments and, ultimately, build more robust and sustainable solutions. Creation-Date: 2022-04-01 Number: 51 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:51-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Barbara Baredes Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Serving citizens: Measuring the performance of services for a better user experience Abstract: Measuring the performance of services and making effective use of the results are critical for designing and delivering policies to improve people’s lives. Improving user satisfaction with public services is an objective in many OECD countries and is one of the indicators in the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 16 of “Building effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels”. This paper explores the use of satisfaction indicators to monitor citizens’ and users’ experience with public services. It finds that satisfaction indicators provide an accurate aggregate account of the factors driving service performance. At the same time, it shows that additional measures are needed to monitor the access, responsiveness and quality of public services, as well as to identify concrete areas of improvement. This paper provides examples of how countries use performance data in decision making (both subjective users’ experience and objective service outputs). It also highlights common challenges and good practices to strengthen performance measurement and management. Classification-JEL: D73; D70; I3; I38 Keywords: citizens, performance, public services Creation-Date: 2022-05-30 Number: 52 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:52-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: David Nguyen Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Valérie Frey Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Santiago González Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Monica Brezzi Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Survey design and technical documentation supporting the 2021 OECD Survey on Drivers of Trust in Government Institutions Abstract: The inaugural OECD Survey on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions carried out in 2021 (“Trust Survey”) is a novel measurement tool supporting OECD governments in reinforcing democratic processes, improving governance outcomes, and, correspondingly, strengthening people’s trust in their democratic government. This paper provides the technical details of the surveying process for the inaugural OECD Trust Survey, including its coverage and sample design. The paper also reviews the methodological aspects of the survey to provide an account of the progress made in measuring trust in public institutions cross-country, with respect to previous projects and recommendations included in the OECD Guidelines for Measuring Trust. Finally, it proposes the continuation of the survey in the future, highlights potential areas for improvement in cross-country comparability and for continued cooperation with National Statistical Offices. Classification-JEL: C83; H11 Keywords: drivers of trust, public governance indicators, sample design, survey methods, trust in institutions Creation-Date: 2022-07-11 Number: 53 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:53-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Emilie Cazenave Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Alessandro Bellantoni Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Accessible and inclusive public communication: Panorama of practices from OECD countries Abstract: Accessible and inclusive public communication helps to ensure that all citizens, regardless of their circumstances, can be heard and participate in public life. As part of a collaboration with the French Government Information Service and the activities of the OECD Experts Group on Public Communication, this working paper presents a range of practices and lessons learned about accessible and inclusive public communication in OECD member and partner countries, with a particular focus on persons with a disability. It covers trends, successes and challenges related to governance, audience insights and engagement, digital tools and processes, awareness-raising and training, as well as evaluation of accessibility and inclusion in public communication. Classification-JEL: D83; H10 Keywords: accessibility, citizen participation, digital, inclusion, public communication, public governance Creation-Date: 2022-09-22 Number: 54 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:54-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Carlotta Alfonsi Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Chiara Varazzani Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Ethel Hui Yan Tan Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Michaela Sullivan-Paul Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Public communication trends after COVID-19: Innovative practices across the OECD and in four Southeast Asian countries Abstract: Reflecting on the experiences of responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, this OECD working paper illustrates selected international trends that are driving innovation in the practice of public communication across the OECD to make it more inclusive, responsive and compelling. These include advanced uses of “big data” and analytics to power precise, targeted communication, collaboration with trusted third-party messengers in diverse communities, and the application of behavioural insights (BI) to communication. In turn, these trends can help promote the use of public communication for policy, openness and dialogue. The paper reflects on the implications of these international trends for four countries in Southeast Asia, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. It looks at local lessons from the pandemic response and identifies avenues for adopting global good practices more widely. The paper focuses on a set of institutional prerequisites, including fostering a culture of innovation in public communication mandates and approaches, ensuring access to specialised skillsets, and strengthening ethical guidance in the use of new technologies and BI. Classification-JEL: H10; D83 Keywords: COVID-19, Digital, Misinformation, Open Government, Public communication, Public Governance Creation-Date: 2022-09-22 Number: 55 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:55-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew Blazey Author-Name: Margaux Lelong Author-Name: Flavia Giannini Title: The Equitable and Sustainable Well-being Framework in Italy: An Action Plan for its use in policy and budget decision making Abstract: In 2017, Italy became the first country in the OECD to link well-being indicators to economic and budget programming in government. The achievement was but one milestone in the country’s development of its Equitable and Sustainable Well-being framework. The Treasury Department of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, in conjunction with the National Institute of Statistics, has continued to develop the framework since then. This Action Plan contributes to that development by proposing ways to progress the integration of equitable and sustainable well-being indicators into policy development and budgeting. The Action Plan contributed to a consultation process with government ministries and stakeholders in 2022 by identifying a range of actions the government could consider in the near and medium term to achieve that integration outcome. Classification-JEL: H50; H51; H60; H61 Keywords: Budgeting, Equitable and Sustainable Well-being, Well-being Budget Creation-Date: 2022-11-17 Number: 56 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:56-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sina Smid Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Understanding cultural differences and extreme attitudes in the 2021 OECD Trust Survey: Text analysis of open-ended responses Abstract: The 2021 OECD Survey on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions provides a cross-country assessment of what influences people’s trust in government and public institutions, understanding people’s perception of the functioning of democratic institutions. Most of the drivers in the Trust Survey refer to government competences and values that help countries take concrete steps to rebuild trust. Both at the individual and country-level trust may vary due to cultural, economic and social factors. This paper analyses the open-ended survey responses in 16 OECD countries to understand two questions. First can the answers provide insights into cultural differences and extreme attitudes of distrust? Second, what dimensions influence trust that are not considered in the theoretical OECD Trust Framework underpinning the Trust Survey? The results of the topic model resemble closely the drivers in the Trust Framework, but respondents name not just government inputs, outputs, and processes, but also socioeconomic vulnerabilities, intergenerational and global challenges. While many respondents write that ''corruption'', ''money'' and ''power'' drives their trust in public institutions, these feelings are not associated with government transparency and accountability. These findings show the advantage of qualitative measurements (open-ended survey questions) to understand the complex relationship between trust and public governance. Classification-JEL: C52; C55; C83; D83; D72 Keywords: drivers of trust, open-ended survey questions, survey methodology, text analysis, topic model Creation-Date: 2023-03-21 Number: 57 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:57-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Stephane Jacobzone Author-Name: Silvia Picalarga Title: Mobilising evidence to enhance the effectiveness of child well-being policies: The role of knowledge brokers Abstract: Despite the fundamental importance of childhood, countries tend to invest much less in this area than in old age. Effective child well-being policies can bring high long-term returns on early life investments and public interventions. However, these benefits are not fully understood and thus do not always receive the necessary political attention in public policy making. Mobilising evidence to support effective policies for child well-being is crucial, especially as responsibilities for such policies tend to be fragmented across government departments and levels of government. Therefore, organisations such as knowledge brokers, which help ensure that evidence is shared with those responsible for designing and implementing public policies, have a critical role to play in improving the effectiveness of child well-being policies and practices. They can help make evidence accessible, trustworthy, and understandable, so that it has the greatest impact on policy. This working paper sheds light on the best practices identified for mobilising evidence to enhance the effectiveness of child well-being policies, based on a stocktaking of 81 knowledge broker organisations across 24 countries, complemented by a qualitative survey carried out among senior experts operating at national and international level. Classification-JEL: I38; J13; H53 Keywords: child well-being, evidence, policymaking Creation-Date: 2023-05-25 Number: 58 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:58-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Maria Ruiz Rivadeneira Author-Name: Tenzin Dekyi Author-Name: Lorena Cruz Title: OECD Infrastructure Governance Indicators: Conceptual framework, design, methodology and preliminary results Abstract: The governance of infrastructure can affect how and whether infrastructure projects achieve desired outcomes and contribute to wider policy goals. This paper presents the conceptual framework, design and methodology of the OECD Infrastructure Governance Indicators (IGIs). The IGIs support the implementation and monitoring of the OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Infrastructure. This paper also describes the key findings from the first set of IGIs, which cover three areas: long-term strategic vision for infrastructure; fiscal sustainability, affordability and value for money; and efficient and effective public procurement. It identifies the governance dimensions that are well developed across OECD countries and those that require improvements under each of the three areas. Classification-JEL: C43; H54; O18; C1 Keywords: composite indicators, indicators, infrastructure, infrastructure governance, public procurement, strategic planning, value for money Creation-Date: 2023-06-06 Number: 59 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:59-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Chiara Varazzani Author-Name: Michaela Sullivan-Paul Author-Name: Henrietta Tuomaila Title: Behavioural science for sustainable tourism: Insights and policy considerations for greener tourism Abstract: This working paper explores the use of behavioural science for promoting environmentally sustainable tourism. It looks at how to use behavioural science to encourage sustainable behaviour, targeting both the consumers and suppliers of tourism activities and services. It concludes with recommendations for planning and implementing a tourism recovery strategy that prioritises both economic and environmental sustainability. Keywords: Behavioral Insights, Behavioural Science, Carbon emission, COVID-19, Green transition, Greenhouse gas emissions, Net zero, Sustainability, Sustainable Tourism, Tourism, Travel Creation-Date: 2023-06-14 Number: 60 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:60-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Marco Percoco Author-Name: Ana Maria Ruiz Rivadeneira Author-Name: Margaux Lelong Author-Name: Ludovica Mager Title: Integrating climate change in infrastructure project appraisal: A proposed methodology for Ireland Abstract: EU Funded NoteInfrastructure plays a pivotal role in achieving climate neutrality and resilience. However, infrastructure is also vulnerable to certain risks, and poor management of infrastructure assets can lead to increased dependency on fossil fuels and lock in climate-related risks. For this reason, an infrastructure governance framework is needed that can direct public investments towards sustainability objectives.To this end, the OECD has provided technical support to the Government of Ireland to strengthen climate-related and environmental considerations in public infrastructure decision making (i.e. strategic planning, project appraisal, budgeting). Building on Irish Public Spending Code and on standardised criteria based on international good practices, this working paper develops a new methodological approach to assessing the climate-related impacts of infrastructure and integrate climate-related risk and uncertainty in the appraisal of infrastructure projects. Classification-JEL: H54; O18; Q56; O44 Keywords: adaptation, climate, environment, infrastructure, mitigation, public investment Creation-Date: 2023-07-10 Number: 61 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:61-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Maria Ruiz Rivadeneira Author-Name: Patrick Mcmaster Title: Mapping institutional arrangements for infrastructure governance in OECD countries Abstract: Multiple institutions are responsible for and contribute to ensuring that infrastructure investments meet policy objectives. The responsibilities of these institutions have evolved over time and vary from country to country, depending on tradition, constitutional arrangements, and government capacities. While they are often complementary, sometimes these responsibilities overlap, creating an additional level of complexity.Understanding the impact of the institutions involved with infrastructure will allow policymakers to make informed decisions. This paper explores both the ‘why’ and the ‘what’ of institutional arrangements. It provides a snapshot of the various institutions involved in the planning, financing, and delivery of infrastructure across OECD Member countries and identifies three broad types of institutional arrangements. The paper contributes to a better understanding of current trends in institutional change, the strengths and challenges of these institutional arrangements, and the potential for sharing experience and expertise among institutions and countries. Classification-JEL: F55; H54; O18; D02 Keywords: infrastructure, infrastructure banks, infrastructure commissions, infrastructure governance, institutional arrangements Creation-Date: 2023-07-18 Number: 62 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:62-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bruno Monteiro Author-Name: Rodrigo Dal Borgo Title: Supporting decision making with strategic foresight: An emerging framework for proactive and prospective governments. Abstract: This working paper discusses strategic foresight initiatives and methodologies that support decision making and process design. It highlights case studies, international benchmarks, and best practices, as well as methodological recommendations and options for promoting the adoption and use of strategic foresight in government. The paper has four sections, each centred on a critical action to improve decision making through strategic foresight: (i) framing strategic foresight, (ii) building its fundamental components in governments, (iii) fine-tuning foresight interventions to specific contexts, and (iv) undertaking concrete activities to solve specific policy challenges. Given its exploratory nature, this working paper and its proposals should be seen as contributing to ongoing debates about the use of strategic foresight for decision making in government. The ultimate purpose of this paper is to help governments become more proactive and prospective. Keywords: Decision making, Strategic foresight Creation-Date: 2023-09-11 Number: 63 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:63-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Chiara Varazzani Author-Name: Henrietta Tuomaila Author-Name: Torben Emmerling Author-Name: Stefano Brusoni Author-Name: Laura Fontanesi Title: Seven routes to experimentation in policymaking: A guide to applied behavioural science methods Abstract: Behavioural science methods are increasingly used to design and evaluate public policies that better reflect human behaviour and decision making. However, there is a lack of standardization in selecting and labelling these methods, making it difficult for policymakers to choose the appropriate one for a specific policy context. To address this, this working paper proposes guidelines and a visual roadmap, including five key questions to guide the selection of appropriate methods, and seven different experimental or non-experimental methods to choose from. The aim is to provide a simple and practical framework for policymakers to choose the most fit-for-purpose method for their policy context. Classification-JEL: C9 Keywords: Behavioural and experimental economics, Behavioural economics, Experimental economics, Experimental methods, Experimentation, Experimentation and policy-making, Field experiments, Observational methods, Qualitative methods, RCT Creation-Date: 2023-09-20 Number: 64 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:64-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Misha Kaur Author-Name: Johannes Klein Author-Name: Gloriana Madrigal Author-Name: Timothy Tennant Author-Name: Emma Phillips Author-Name: Louna Wemaere Author-Name: Ivan Stola Title: Steering responses to climate change from the centre of government: A stocktaking Abstract: This paper takes stock of the institutional set-ups, mechanisms and practices used by governments, and in particular centres of government, to steer climate change policy. To respond effectively to climate change, governments need decision-making and co-ordinating processes that reflect the complexity and pressing nature of the climate crisis, the multitude of stakeholders involved, and the need to balance between short-term and long-term policy objectives. With their unique positioning, centres of government in OECD Member countries often play a crucial role in providing leadership and co-ordination for climate policy. The first part of this paper identifies the institutional arrangements, mandates and skillsets of centres of government for climate-related action. The second part analyses the centre’s stewardship role at different stages of the policy cycle, touching on strategic planning, co-ordination, the development of evidence-informed policies, and monitoring as well as overall efforts to “green” public administrations. Creation-Date: 2023-10-27 Number: 65 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:65-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: André Sleiman Title: Deliberative democracy in Lebanon: Prospects for democratic innovation Abstract: This paper explores the opportunities and challenges linked to a possible use of deliberative democracy processes in Lebanon. It looks at the viability and feasibility of such initiatives, which are not prevalent in the country, by identifying the main impediments to their initiation and implementation, the different formats they could take, and the expected impact. It discusses how deliberative democracy could complement and diversify the democratic tools available to Lebanese actors and thus strengthen citizens’ ability to participate in public life. The aim of the paper is to encourage an initial discussion on this topic, raise awareness about its potential to contribute to democratic governance and respond to the demand of Lebanese actors interested in pursuing deliberative democracy efforts. Keywords: deliberation, democracy Creation-Date: 2023-12-14 Number: 66 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:66-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Conor Das-Doyle Author-Name: Nordine Es-Sadki Author-Name: Misha Kaur Author-Name: Piret Tõnurist Title: The state of play and prospects for measuring innovation in the public sector Abstract: This paper provides a critical review of public sector innovation measurement approaches and related gaps. It explores alternative approaches to measure public sector innovation measurement which respond to different use cases, and paves the way for operationalising a measurement framework for public sector innovation. The paper proposes creating a continuous stocktake of public sector innovation measurement activities in Member countries, improving existing frameworks or creating new frameworks to guide public sector innovation measurement more systematically at country level, and identifying indicators that would be most useful for cross-country comparability. Keywords: Innovation, Measurement, Public Sector Creation-Date: 2023-12-15 Number: 67 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:67-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Robert Addison Author-Name: Giuseppa Ottimofiore Author-Name: Costanza Caputi Author-Name: Alberto Morales Author-Name: Hamsini Shankar Title: Towards the green transition: Stimulating investment and accelerating permits for low emissions infrastructure Abstract: To meet their international climate commitments and strengthen renewable energy production, many countries will require significant new investment in low emissions infrastructure. To deliver low emissions infrastructure at the necessary rate and scale, many countries recognise they need better ways of planning and regulating infrastructure and its value chains. This Working Paper describes the challenges and opportunities for using regulatory, stakeholder engagement and public procurement tools to help countries deliver more effective permitting. It provides international good practice case studies to help countries stimulate investment and reduce barriers for new, low emissions infrastructure so they can fulfil their international climate commitments while ensuring existing policy objectives. Creation-Date: 2024-04-09 Number: 68 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:68-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Misha Kaur Author-Name: Timothy Tennant Title: Improving public sector capacity-strengthening support for small island developing states Abstract: Given the fast pace of global socio-economic development, more tailored, focused, and localised efforts to strengthen public sector capacity in small island developing states (SIDS) is increasingly important. SIDS have unique vulnerabilities, rich histories and contexts, and strengths that can be harnessed for sustainable development. Development partners need to adapt how they provide capacity-strengthening support, taking individual SIDS’ circumstances and needs into account to better help them achieve their ambitions. This report summarises perspectives from small island developing states (SIDS) on current experiences and opportunities to improve capacity-strengthening support to make it more tailored, impactful, and sustainable. The report uses the broad definition of capacity-strengthening as activities that improve the competencies and abilities of individuals, organisations, and broader formal and informal social structures in a way that boosts organisational performance. It concentrates on public sector capacity, including interactions with other stakeholders across sectors. Classification-JEL: Q54 Creation-Date: 2024-04-25 Number: 69 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:69-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Lisa von Trapp Author-Name: Scherie Nicol Title: Designing Effective Independent Fiscal Institutions Abstract: Independent fiscal institutions (IFIs) serve to promote sound fiscal policy and sustainable public finances. Their numbers in the OECD have more than tripled in the past decade and continue to grow. Today IFIs are considered among the most important innovations in the emerging architecture of public financial management. The OECD has identified good practices for designing and operating effective IFIs through the OECD Recommendation on Principles for Independent Fiscal Institutions. The analysis presented in this paper draws on the OECD IFI database compiled from a first set of case studies of 18 OECD IFIs in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States. Creation-Date: 2017-02-07 Number: 73 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:73-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Natalie Byrom Author-Name: Mariane Piccinin-Barbieri Author-Name: Peter Wells Title: Towards effective governance of justice data Abstract: This working paper explores the role of data governance in advancing people-centred justice systems. It outlines the objectives, values, and practices necessary to harness data effectively, drawing on OECD policy instruments. The paper provides actionable insights for policymakers aiming to implement data-driven justice reforms. It also addresses the challenges and opportunities presented by digital transformation in the justice sector, advocating for a strategic approach that balances innovation with the protection of fundamental rights. It incorporates lessons from data governance activities and experiences in justice and other relevant sectors. This paper is essential reading for those involved in modernisation of justice and data governance. Creation-Date: 2024-10-03 Number: 74 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:74-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mariana Prats Author-Name: Sina Smid Author-Name: Monica Ferrin Title: Lack of trust in institutions and political engagement: An analysis based on the 2021 OECD Trust Survey Abstract: Global trends such as decreasing public trust, political polarisation and increasing mis- and disinformation have sparked interest in understanding the impact of a lack of trust on democracies. This paper provides an analysis on the socioeconomic characteristics, perceptions of political voice and forms of political engagement of individuals who express a lack of trust in public institutions, with the objective of understanding the impacts of lack of trust on democratic governance and identifying governments’ actions to engage citizens in policymaking. The paper draws on data from the OECD Survey on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions (OECD Trust Survey), first carried out between November 2021 and March 2022 across 22 OECD countries and can serve as basis for further analysis of data collected through new rounds of the OECD Trust Survey. Keywords: OECD Trust Survey, Political attitudes, Political engagement, Trust in public institutions Creation-Date: 2024-11-26 Number: 75 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:75-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Alessandro Lupi Author-Name: Natalia Nolan-Flecha Author-Name: Nina Handlos Thomassen Title: Size and composition of public employment: data sources, methods and gaps: Towards improved internationally comparable data on public employment Abstract: The size and composition of general government employment can vary significantly amongst OECD-EU countries for various reasons. Workforces reflect different government models in terms of the functions their civil services carry out and how they are centralised or decentralised. However, aside from these inherent characteristics, there are differences arising from how general government employment is defined and measured. Some countries collect data through civil service registries, payroll or other human resources management administrative databases, while others draw data from national labour force surveys or other sources. Data are often not centralised and/or harmonised across government. There are also differences in how countries classify public employees. All of these factors can hinder international comparison as well as the design of evidence-informed public employment practices and reforms. This paper, with support from the European Commission, aims to improve the availability, granularity, and comparability of public employment data by mapping existing data sources, gaps, and methodological approaches. Classification-JEL: J45 Creation-Date: 2024-12-13 Number: 76 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:76-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Pietro Gagliardi Author-Name: Ollin Pérez-Raynaud Author-Name: Alexandra Robinson Title: Promoting youth volunteering and civic service engagement: A stocktake of national programmes across OECD countries Abstract: Youth volunteering and civic service programmes can foster young people’s confidence for further civic engagement, skills development, and association with democratic institutions, while also promoting solidarity, social inclusion, and resilience. Although programmes differ in their objectives and features, this paper maps national and international youth volunteering and civic service programmes across OECD countries and the European Union, providing comparative insights and highlighting good practices from a public governance perspective. The paper also gathers key lessons to support further work in this area, promote peer-learning and inform countries’ policy options and reform efforts. Keywords: Civic service, Youth empowerment, Youth volunteering Creation-Date: 2024-12-05 Number: 77 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:77-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Joshua Polchar Author-Name: Nestor Alfonzo Santamaria Title: Mapping emerging critical risks Abstract: This paper focuses on identifying and understanding new risks that could significantly shape the future. These risks span social, environmental, and technological challenges, including climate change, resource shortages, geopolitical tensions, and emerging threats like cyberattacks or the misuse of artificial intelligence. Drawing on expert input and innovative tools, the report examines how governments and societies can better anticipate and respond to these risks. Emerging risks often evolve quickly, with the potential to disrupt economies, societies, and global stability. By recognising these threats early, governments, businesses, and communities can take proactive steps to adapt, protect their interests, and strengthen resilience. This forward-looking approach is crucial in an increasingly interconnected and unpredictable world, where crises can escalate rapidly and affect multiple sectors. The findings are valuable for policymakers, risk analysts, and organisations striving to enhance preparedness and decision-making in the face of uncertainty. By fostering a deeper understanding of future challenges, the report aims to equip stakeholders with the insights needed to address risks before they become critical, ensuring a safer and more sustainable future for all. Creation-Date: 2024-12-16 Number: 78 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:78-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Joshua Polchar Title: Using foresight to anticipate emerging critical risks: Proposed methodology Abstract: This paper presents a methodology to help countries identify and characterise global emerging critical risks as part of the OECD’s Framework on the Management of Emerging Critical Risks. It supports experts and policymakers tasked with anticipating and preparing for uncertain and evolving threats that transcend traditional national boundaries. The approach begins with horizon scanning to capture weak signals and unconventional data sources, including patent analysis, crowd forecasting, and the use of generative AI. It then applies structured foresight techniques, such as futures wheels, cross-impact analysis, and scenario-based “Risk-Worlds,” to explore how risks might manifest and interact in multiple possible future contexts. The methodology emphasises understanding risks “at source,” focusing on vulnerabilities, interconnectedness, and possible management strategies. Rather than predicting a single future, it seeks to broaden the range of possibilities, encouraging proactive adaptation, building collective understanding, and ultimately strengthening government capacity to navigate and shape an increasingly complex and uncertain global risk landscape. Creation-Date: 2024-12-16 Number: 79 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:79-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bruno Monteiro Author-Name: Andras Hlacs Author-Name: Paulina Boéchat Title: Public procurement for public sector innovation: Facilitating innovators' access to innovation procurement Abstract: This paper explores ways to promote public sector innovation through public procurement. The paper provides an overview of different approaches to innovation procurement and underscores the challenges faced by public sector managers while using procurement to insource innovative approaches, solutions, and processes.The report is produced in the context of the Horizon Europe research programme on public sector innovation and has been drafted to reflect the point of view of public sector innovators. The report puts their needs and expectations at the centre. Keywords: innovation procurement, public procurement, public sector innovation Creation-Date: 2024-12-23 Number: 80 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaaa:80-EN