Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Christiane Arndt Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Antonia Custance Baker Author-Name: Tobias Querbach Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Rebecca Schultz Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: 2015 Indicators of Regulatory Policy and Governance: Design, Methodology and Key Results Abstract: This paper presents the methodology, key results and statistical analysis of the 2015 Indicators for Regulatory Policy Governance (iREG) to complement the OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook 2015. Three composite indicators were constructed corresponding to three key principles of the 2012 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Regulatory Policy and Governance: Regulatory Impact Assessment; stakeholder engagement; and ex post evaluation. This paper explains the process by which the indicators were developed, presents main results, and outcomes of different sensitivity analyses that were performed to test the robustness of the methodology, including principal components analysis, Monte Carlo analysis and weight-sensitivity analysis. Classification-JEL: J5; K2; O5 Keywords: composite indicators, consultation, evaluation, oversight, regulatory impact assessment, transparency Creation-Date: 2015-12-23 Number: 1 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:1-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Anabela Correia de Brito Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for European Policy Studies Author-Name: Céline Kauffmann Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Jacques Pelkmans Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for European Policy Studies Title: The contribution of mutual recognition to international regulatory co-operation Abstract: This study takes stock of the institutional setting, operational modalities, strengths and weaknesses of various forms of mutual recognition when used in different sector and country contexts. It aims to build a greater understanding of the benefits and pitfalls of one of the 11 mechanisms of international regulatory co-operation identified by the OECD Regulatory Policy Committee in OECD (2013), International Regulatory Co-operation: Addressing Global Challenges. The paper relies on an empirical stocktaking of mutual recognition agreements (MRAs) among selected OECD countries, the systematic review of mutual recognition clauses in trade agreements, case studies of the specific experience of the EU internal market, the Trans-Tasman arrangement, and the MRA between the US and the EU of 1998, and an extensive review of the literature. Classification-JEL: F1; F5; H7; K2 Keywords: mutual recognition, regulatory policy, trade agreements Creation-Date: 2016-01-26 Number: 2 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:2-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Rex Deighton-Smith Author-Workplace-Name: Jaguar Consulting Pty Ltd Author-Name: Angelo Erbacci Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Céline Kauffmann Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Promoting inclusive growth through better regulation: The role of regulatory impact assessment Abstract: Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) is a critical tool in the hands of governments to ensure that regulation achieves its objectives. Inclusive growth has become an important objective of the political agenda of OECD countries. This paper examines the potential contribution of RIA to better incorporating the inclusive growth perspective in regulatory decision-making. It does this by reviewing current RIA policies and guidance documents in a range of OECD countries, by reviewing the literature on the use of RIA to address social and environmental issues and by sampling a number of recent RIA from leading countries. Building on the available evidence, the paper proposes a number of principles and considerations for decision-makers to design appropriate systems and mechanisms for addressing inclusive growth in RIA. Classification-JEL: H11; I38; K2; K4 Keywords: better regulation, evaluation, inclusive growth, regulatory impact assessment, regulatory policy, social welfare Creation-Date: 2016-02-16 Number: 3 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:3-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Robert Basedow Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Céline Kauffmann Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: International Trade and Good Regulatory Practices: Assessing The Trade Impacts of Regulation Abstract: Good Regulatory Practices encompassing the use of regulatory impact assessments, stakeholder engagement and ex post evaluation are a critical tool in the hands of governments to ensure that regulation achieves its objectives. Over the past several years, attention has grown for the trade costs of regulatory divergence. Diverging regulation may increase the costs to trade goods and services across borders. While regulatory divergence is often the result of diverging national public policy objectives, it may be the undesired result of rule-making ignoring the international regulatory environment and interconnectedness of our societies and economies. Good Regulatory Practices provide governments with tools, processes and strategic approaches that can help them identify and evaluate the trade impacts of their regulatory action. The paper reviews the theoretical and practical contribution of GRP to mainstreaming international trade considerations in regulatory decision-making and to addressing regulatory divergence. It does so by reviewing the relevant academic literature, GRP guidelines of a number of OECD members and examples of how GRP and in particular regulatory impact assessments are used to consider the trade impacts of regulation. Building on the available evidence, the paper discusses how decision-makers may enhance the use of GRP to address international trade considerations in regulatory policy-making. Classification-JEL: F10; H11; K2; K4 Keywords: ex post evaluation, good regulatory practices, regulatory impact assessment, regulatory policy, stakeholder engagement Creation-Date: 2016-07-20 Number: 4 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:4-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Christiane Arndt Author-Name: Sarah Hermanutz Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Céline Kauffmann Author-Name: Rebecca Schultz Title: Building Regulatory Policy Systems in OECD Countries Abstract: This paper exploits the rich dataset collected in the context of the 2014 Regulatory Indicators Survey to analyse how countries put in place the building blocks of their regulatory policy systems. It complements the 2015 OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook by systematically examining country practices in the areas of regulatory impact assessment, stakeholder consultation and ex post evaluation of regulations. In particular, it seeks to inform discussions about the sequencing of measures in implementing policy in these three areas, through the adoption of legal requirements, the development of appropriate methodology, the establishment of transparency mechanisms and of oversight and quality control. In order to provide concrete illustration and lay the ground for practical reform advice, the paper identifies groupings of countries around the emphasis they put on each of these tools. Classification-JEL: K2; O5; P5 Keywords: evidence-based decision making, ex post evaluation, open government, regulatory impact assessment, stakeholder engagement, transparency Creation-Date: 2016-12-15 Number: 5 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:5-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: E. Allan Lind Author-Workplace-Name: Duke University Author-Name: Christiane Arndt Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Perceived Fairness and Regulatory Policy: A Behavioural Science Perspective on Government-Citizen Interactions Abstract: A great deal of research in psychology and policy studies has demonstrated that when citizens feel fairly treated in their encounters with government agencies, they are more likely to accept and comply with regulatory rules and decisions, to feel included in society and to trust their government. This paper explains how careful design of rocedures in the development and administration of laws and regulations and targeted training of officials can enhance perceived fairness and produce greater decision acceptance and compliance. It draws on a large number of empirical studies in different policy settings and countries to identify three key factors that drive perceived fairness: voice, respect and explanations. Successful programs to improve subjective justice must be built upon a foundation of objective justice: attempts to simulate fairness without actually providing objectively fair procedures tend to provoke very negative reactions when the true nature of the unfair process is discovered. Findings of this paper feed into OECD work on trust, open government and stakeholder engagement. Classification-JEL: E03; D03 Keywords: appeal process, behavioural economics, citizen, compliance, consultation, enforcement, inclusive, regulatory policy, trust Creation-Date: 2016-12-17 Number: 6 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:6-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tobias Querbach Author-Name: Christiane Arndt Title: Regulatory policy in Latin America: An analysis of the state of play Abstract: Regulation is a critical tool by which governments seek to foster economic growth and social well-being. Countries in Latin America are increasingly investing in processes and institutions that support regulatory quality. Based on the OECD Indicators of Regulatory Policy and Governance (iREG) for Latin America 2016, this paper explores the state of play of regulatory policy in seven countries in Latin America and identifies potential opportunities to improve. The annex includes individual profiles of each of the countries covered, highlighting key achievements and challenges. The analysis of the data shows that countries in the LAC region have taken steps to improve their regulatory governance framework but important gaps remain in most countries in terms of the implementation of key tools, such as consultation with stakeholders, Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) and ex post evaluation. Strengthening the institutional oversight of the regulatory process will be critical to ensure the consistent implementation of these tools in the future. Classification-JEL: H11; K2; K4; N46 Keywords: better regulation, consultation, evaluation, regulatory impact assessment, regulatory policy, stakeholder engagement Creation-Date: 2017-03-08 Number: 7 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:7-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Lalita Som Author-Name: Faisal Naru Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Regulatory policy in India: Moving towards regulatory governance Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of India’s existing regulatory regime and its evolution over the last 25 years, and the efforts to improve the regulatory framework as India has transitioned towards a market economy. The paper argues that while India has implemented many sector specific regulatory reforms, the absence of a government wide initiative to improve regulatory quality, or implement a whole of government regulatory policy, has prevented India from creating a consistent and coherent regulatory environment and has undermined trust and integrity in the regulatory system. As a result, outcomes of regulatory governance have so far been quite mixed. In many cases they have fallen far short of expectations. The paper therefore identifies some of the constraints that have challenged India’s regulatory governance, the dominant presence of state owned enterprises, the multi-level government structures and regulatory independence of agencies and institutions. Meanwhile, effective regulatory governance has distinctly evolved in the securities market and it highlights the reasons behind the success of the securities market regulator. The positive example of the Securities Exchange Board of India is outlined to showcase the potential for implementing good regulatory practice through regulatory oversight, better governance of regulators, stakeholder engagement and regulatory impact assessments. The paper also looks at issues related to Regulatory Impact Assessments in the Indian context. Classification-JEL: A1; D00; L5; N45; N75 Keywords: economic regulators, governance, India, network sectors, regulation, regulatory impact assessment Creation-Date: 2017-05-04 Number: 8 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:8-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Zoe Dayan Author-Name: Winona Rei Bolislis Title: Business registration pillars: Good regulatory practice for ASEAN Abstract: Business registration is crucial for ensuring accountable, transparent and viable business environments. By bringing businesses into the formal economy, governments are able to provide more strategic and targeted policies for businesses and consumers. The objective of this working paper is to look at the importance of business registration for governments, businesses and citizens. It explores the this issue through a series of case studies that support good practices in customer orientation and joined-up government. Each of the different case studies fall under a pillar that aims to support countries in the development of their business registration systems.The paper also aims to provide policy directions for countries in Southeast Asia when developing modern business registration systems and provides some background for the development of ASEAN’s regional business registration principles. Classification-JEL: A1; D01; D21; D22; D73; H1; H32; L2; M13; N80; N85 Keywords: Administrative reform, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Business registration, one-stop shops, Small and Medium Size Enterprises Creation-Date: 2017-05-18 Number: 9 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:9-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Kenneth W. Abbott Author-Workplace-Name: Arizona State University Author-Name: Céline Kauffmann Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Jeong-Rim Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Asian Harmonization Working Party Title: The contribution of trans-governmental networks of regulators to international regulatory co-operation Abstract: This study takes stock of the membership, governance structure, operational mode and regulatory power of trans-governmental networks of regulators (TGNs). It contributes to a greater OECD project aimed at building greater understanding of the benefits and pitfalls of various approaches to international regulatory co-operation (IRC) as identified in OECD (2013), International Regulatory Co-operation: Addressing Global Challenges.In order to fill the knowledge gap, this study provides a working definition of TGNs, maps existing cases, and analyses their key features. It relies on information gathered for this study on 144 TGNs. It analyses the substantive fields in which TGNs operate as well as differences in membership and other structural features. It discusses the range of regulatory activities in which TGNs engage and analyses the advantages and the disadvantages of TGNs as mechanisms for IRC, based on a review of the large and growing scholarly literature. It provides a new database on the topic, as well short case studies of three significant but structurally dissimilar TGNs: the Asian Harmonization Working Party (AHWP) on medical devices, the International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS), and the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). Classification-JEL: F5; F53; F55; F59; H7; K2; K33 Creation-Date: 2018-09-14 Number: 10 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:10-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Trnka Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Yola Thuerer Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: One-In, X-Out: Regulatory offsetting in selected OECD countries Abstract: Governments are increasingly trying to limit the costs of regulatory compliance. One of the approaches that has been gaining ground in the last five years is the “one-in, x-out rule”, or the offsetting of regulatory costs stemming from new regulations by reducing the existing regulatory stock. This paper presents examples of regulatory offsetting approaches in selected OECD countries. By comparing the different approaches and discussing their key features, the paper provides guidance to countries considering introducing regulatory offsetting. This paper finds that there are many methodological and implementation issues that need to be resolved before a government decides to use a one-in, x-out approach as part of its regulatory policy. Key suggestions for countries introducing regulatory offsetting include i) ensuring a solid methodology for calculating regulatory costs; ii) linking the responsibility for finding offsets to the “owners” of regulation; iii) setting up quality oversight mechanisms; iv) securing strong political commitment and support and v) implementing regulatory offsetting as a complement to other regulatory management tools. Classification-JEL: K2; K23; F5; F53; F59 Keywords: Regulatory policy Creation-Date: 2019-01-21 Number: 11 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:11-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Céline Kauffmann Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Camila Saffirio Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Study of International Regulatory Co-operation (IRC) arrangements for air quality: The cases of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, the Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement, and co-operation in North East Asia Abstract: China, Japan and Korea have deployed a multiplicity of co-operation efforts at different levels of government to promote air quality and curb transboundary pollution. This paper identifies the existing arrangements for air quality co-operation in North East Asia and provides guidance to advance the co-operation required to face cross-border air pollution building on the experience of two long-standing co-operative agreements in this area: the Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement and UNECE’s Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. This paper finds that the multilateral arrangements existent in North East Asia are yet to produce a comprehensive science-based regional approach to address transboundary air pollution. Key suggestions for countries to capitalise on the stronger momentum for co-operation in this area include: i) building on the existing frameworks for international regulatory co-operation for air quality; ii) advancing a common understanding of transboundary air pollution across scientific regional arrangements; and iii) strengthening the domestic policy frameworks for air quality in each country as a key prerequisite. Classification-JEL: F53; F55; K32; K33; Q53; Q58 Keywords: air pollution, international regulatory co-operation, regulatory policy Creation-Date: 2020-01-24 Number: 12 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:12-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Alexis Durand Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Anna Pietikäinen Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: The governance of regulators in Latin America: Evidence from the 2018 Indicators on the governance of sector regulators Abstract: Using data from the 2018 OECD Indicators on the Governance of Sector Regulators, this paper analyses the governance of economic regulators in seven Latin American economies (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico and Peru) and across five critical network sectors (energy, e-communications, rail transport, air transport and water). The indicators allow for direct comparison of thirty economic regulators and provide a snapshot of the governance arrangements designed to preserve independence, practices to promote accountability, and the functions of the regulators. After describing key institutional characteristics of the regulators in the sample, the paper uses the indicators to identify patterns in governance. Evidence from in-depth performance reviews of regulators complements the indicators, shedding light on cost recovery fees, budgetary processes, and the use of advisory bodies in Latin American regulators. Classification-JEL: N46; L98; L50; K23; D73 Keywords: accountability, economic regulators, governance, independence, Latin America, network sectors, regulation, regulatory policy Creation-Date: 2020-12-17 Number: 13 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:13-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Céline Kauffmann Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Camila Saffirio Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Good regulatory practices and co-operation in trade agreements: A historical perspective and stocktaking Abstract: This paper presents a stocktaking of standalone chapters in trade agreements dedicated to good regulatory practices and international regulatory co-operation. While standalone regulatory policy chapters in trade agreements remain a new development, they signal countries’ increasing interest in elevating the visibility and ambition of regulatory policy, in line with their commitments in the 2012 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Regulatory Policy and Governance and the 2005 APEC-OECD Integrated Checklist on Regulatory Reform. Still, the level of ambition of these chapters varies widely depending on the state of play of regulatory policy in trading partners. By comparing the main substantive and structural features of these chapters, this stocktaking aims to inform the development of similar chapters in future trade agreements. Classification-JEL: F10; K2; K33; H11 Keywords: CETA, CPTPP, good regulatory practices, international regulatory co-operation, Pacific Alliance, regulatory policy, trade agreements, USMCA Creation-Date: 2021-01-20 Number: 14 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:14-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Davidson Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Céline Kauffmann Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Marie-Gabrielle de Liedekerke Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: How do laws and regulations affect competitiveness: The role for regulatory impact assessment Abstract: The impacts of laws and regulations on competitiveness have strong implications for OECD economies, as they can lead to unforeseen negative externalities and considerable regulatory costs for businesses and citizens. Nevertheless, the use of regulatory policy to assess the impacts of regulations on competitiveness has seldom been examined. This paper fills this gap by reviewing OECD members’ regulatory impact assessment (RIA) frameworks and the extent to which the competitiveness effects are currently appraised. It categorises regulatory impacts on competitiveness into three strongly interrelated components – cost competitiveness, innovation, and international competitiveness – and builds upon the OECD’s expertise to examine how regulations affect each component of competitiveness in turn. In doing so, the paper proposes a more complete structure that regulators can use to define and assess the competitiveness impacts of regulation as part of their RIA processes framework. Classification-JEL: E61; F68; L51 Keywords: competitiveness, regulatory impact assessment, Regulatory policy Creation-Date: 2021-02-03 Number: 15 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:15-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: James Drummond Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Daniel Shephard Author-Workplace-Name: Columbia University Author-Name: Daniel Trnka Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Behavioural insight and regulatory governance: Opportunities and challenges Abstract: Governments are created and run by humans, who can experience the same behavioural biases and barriers as individuals in society. Therefore, it makes sense to explore how behavioural insights (BI) can be applied to the governance of regulatory policy making, and not just to the design of regulations themselves. Applying BI can help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the decision-making process, which can, in turn, help improve regulatory decisions. This paper maps the ways in which barriers and biases can affect the institutions, processes and tools of regulatory governance, with a focus on regulatory oversight bodies and regulatory management tools. It concludes with practical ways governments can translate these findings into research and reforms that can help future-proof regulatory policy making and ensure it is agile, responsive and fit for tackling important and complex policy challenges. Classification-JEL: A1; H11; K23; Z18; F00; N40; D7; E03 Keywords: Behavioural economics, Behavioural insights, Regulation, Regulatory governance, Regulatory policy Creation-Date: 2021-11-11 Number: 16 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:16-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Andrea Renda Author-Workplace-Name: EUI School of Transnational Governance Author-Name: Rosa Castro Author-Workplace-Name: European Public Health Alliance Author-Name: Guillermo Hernández Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Defining and contextualising regulatory oversight and co-ordination Abstract: This paper aims to support better-targeted and more homogeneous data collection and comparative analysis of regulatory oversight bodies (ROBs). To do so, it builds on relevant academic literature and available data to sharpen the definition of ROB used in OECD analytical work and policy discussions. It also discusses ROBs’ role within the regulatory governance cycle as well as various aspects related to regulatory oversight and co-ordination, with special attention to the overall institutional setting (including the relationships between various ROBs), context and objectives of regulatory reform, tasks and responsibilities, and associated accountability arrangements. Classification-JEL: C18; D7; H11; K2; K00 Keywords: good regulatory practices, regulatory oversight, regulatory policy Creation-Date: 2022-05-20 Number: 17 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:17-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Guillermo Hernández Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Miguel Amaral Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Case studies on agile regulatory governance to harness innovation: Civilian drones and bio-solutions Abstract: This working paper presents two case studies of agile regulatory governance focusing, respectively, on civilian drones and bio-solutions (i.e. the use of renewable bio-resources for industrial scale production, for example with a view to creating alternatives to petro-based and chemical products). Each of the case studies looks at the main transformative impacts of the innovations at hand as well as the associated regulatory challenges and responses. They complement a compilation of Case Studies on the Regulatory Challenges Raised by Innovation and the Regulatory Responses developed jointly between the OECD and the Korean Development Institute (2021) and provide further evidence to support the implementation of the OECD Recommendation for Agile Regulatory Governance to Harness Innovation. Classification-JEL: D7; K00; K2; L5; L51; L98; O1; O33; O38; L65 Keywords: Agile regulation, Better Regulation, innovation, Regulatory governance, Regulatory policy Creation-Date: 2022-08-05 Number: 18 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:18-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Alexis Durand Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Anna Pietikäinen Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: The governance of civil aviation authorities in Latin American countries: Evidence from ICAO’s North American, Central American and Caribbean and South American regions Abstract: Good governance is a building block for the performance of regulators, including civil aviation authorities. This paper reports the results of a mapping of governance arrangements across 29 civil aviation authorities in Latin American and Caribbean countries, with the International Civil Aviation Organization’s South American and North American, Central American and Caribbean regions. Applying the methodology of the OECD Indicators on the Governance of Sector Regulators, the results provide a birds-eye view of the independence, accountability and scope of action of participating authorities. This paper explains the indicator methodology, summarises key data points, and presents high-level take aways. Classification-JEL: K23; L50; L93; L98; N46; D73 Keywords: accountability, better regulation, independence, Latin America, OECD, regulation, regulatory governance Creation-Date: 2022-09-10 Number: 19 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:19-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Claudio M. Radaelli Author-Workplace-Name: European University Institute Author-Name: Lorenzo Allio Author-Workplace-Name: allio-rodrigo consulting Author-Name: Karl O’Connor Author-Workplace-Name: Ulster University Author-Name: Richard Alcorn Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Author-Name: Daniel Trnka Author-Workplace-Name: OECD Title: Regulatory policy 2.0: Viewpoints and beliefs about better regulation: A report from the “Q exercise” Abstract: Regulatory policy today is still grounded in principles and tools designed a few decades ago, but the context has changed significantly. To determine whether the current framework can help countries meet the challenges of contemporary societies, the OECD launched the Regulatory Policy 2.0 project. This report sets out the results from the second phase of the project, which included an exercise to map beliefs around better regulation. The exercise, involving government officials and regulatory experts, has identified four internally coherent belief systems about what better regulation is today, which core aims it should have, and where it should go in the future. Based on this analysis, the report provides empirical evidence and implications for the future direction of regulatory policy. Classification-JEL: A1; D6; D7; H00; Z18 Keywords: Better Regulation, Regulatory Policy 2.0 Creation-Date: 2022-10-04 Number: 20 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:20-EN Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Vaia Karapanou Author-Name: Christiane Arndt-Bascle Author-Name: Fatima Toktosunova Title: Regulatory governance of large-scale food fortification: A measurement framework Abstract: This document presents a comprehensive framework for solid regulatory governance of large-scale food fortification (LSFF), a key strategy to addressing micronutrient deficiencies. It identifies six core pillars that are critical for the effective design and implementation of LSFF initiatives across diverse country contexts: collecting data and scientific evidence to identify the problem and policy options, designing policies and regulations, ensuring adequate authorisation processes, implementing supervision and enforcement measures, building capacity for continuous improvement, and incentivising stakeholder performances. It builds on the recommendations and principles on regulatory policy developed by the OECD Regulatory Policy Committee (RPC) as well as case studies. The framework aims to assist policymakers and regulators in evaluating their legal frameworks and offers insights on how to improve regulatory practices and outcomes. It also explores how the implementation of each of these pillars could be assessed through the development of indicators and presents findings from selected pilot country studies. Keywords: Large-scale food fortification, Micronutrient deficiency, OECD, Regulatory governance Creation-Date: 2024-12-05 Number: 21 Handle: RePEc:oec:govaah:21-EN